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At this point, you need the feared and powerful regular expressions. The regular expressions allow you to define a pattern and check to see if it can be applied to your data. It s very useful to check for dates, Social Security numbers, and any data that has to respect a predefined set of format requirements. (It helps to be sure to always indicate the format in the source field.) Try It Out Checking Dates and Numbers In this exercise, you ll change a few pages so that you can check the format of the dates the user enters. 1. Open the well-known movie.php file and modify it as follows (modifications are highlighted): 240 Chapter 8
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Once you are sure that an error has occurred, you redirect the user to the form with an error message stating the problem. The error message is URL encoded to ensure that it will be passed to the movie.php script without being corrupted. if (empty($error)) { … } else { header( location:movie.php?action=add&error= . $error); } Once redirected to the form, the system needs to display the decoded error message.

; } ?> This displays a rather colorful message that your user will not miss. The update itself is performed at the end of the code, along with all the controls and debug messages you need. if (isset($sql) && !empty($sql)) { echo ; $result = mysql_query($sql) or die( Invalid query: . mysql_error()); ?>

Done. Index

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8. Notice the error message stating the mistake made in filling in the form (see Figure 8-6). Figure 8-6 How It Works When the form passes information to the commit script, the data has to be verified. In this case, you use a simple verification method: The empty() function returns true if the string is empty and false if not. To ensure that the user did not submit the form with a simple space in the movie name field, you use trim() on the field s content to eliminate any space leading or trailing the string. (Some people like to trigger errors in Web sites by entering erroneous input; don t make their job easy.) At the same time, if an error is detected, you add a message to the $error variable that collects all the error messages. The error messages are URL encoded before being added to the code. (See urlencode and urldecode functions in the manual; for more information, check the PHPWeb site at www.php.net/url.) if (empty($movie_name)) { $error .= Please+enter+a+movie+name%21%0D%0A ; } 238 Chapter 8
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7. Edit a movie from the index and try deleting the name and submitting the form (see Figure 8-5). Figure 8-5 237 Validating User Input
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6. Now try to enter a new movie without setting the year and the movie type (see Figure 8-4). Figure 8-4 236 Chapter 8
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5. Now open your browser and go to http://localhost/chapter8/index.php (adapt this URL to fit your setup) and try adding a movie with no name, as shown in Figure 8-3. Figure 8-3 235 Validating User Input
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break; case movie : $movie_name = trim($_POST[ movie_name ]); if (empty($movie_name)) { $error .= Please+enter+a+movie+name%21%0D%0A ; } if (empty($_POST[ movie_type ])) { $error .= Please+select+a+movie+type%21%0D%0A ; } if (empty($_POST[ movie_year ])) { $error .= Please+select+a+movie+year%21%0D%0A ; } if (empty($error)) { $sql = INSERT INTO movie (movie_name,movie_year, . movie_type,movie_leadactor,movie_director) . VALUES ( . $_POST[ movie_name ] . , . . $_POST[ movie_year ] . , . . $_POST[ movie_type ] . , . . $_POST[ movie_leadactor ] . , . . $_POST[ movie_director ] . ) ; } else { header( location:movie.php?action=add&error= . $error); } break; } break; } if (isset($sql) && !empty($sql)) { echo ; $result = mysql_query($sql) or die( Invalid query: . mysql_error()); ?>

Done. Index

4. Save the file as commit.php and upload it to your server. 234 Chapter 8
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2. Save the file as movie.php and upload the new code to your work directory. 3. Open the commit.php script and modify it as shown in the highlighted lines: We recommend cheap and reliable webhost to host and run your web applications: Coldfusion Web Hosting services.